The 1913 Liberty Head nickel holds an unparalleled status in the world of coin collecting, celebrated not only for its rarity but also for the extraordinary tale surrounding its creation. This five-cent piece, produced illicitly, has gained legendary status among numismatists, with one example recently selling for an astonishing $4.2 million. Let’s delve into the captivating history of this iconic coin.
Contents
The Origins of the Liberty Head Nickel
A Design Rooted in History
The Liberty Head nickel debuted in 1883, designed by Charles Barber, who was the U.S. Mint’s Chief Engraver. It was notable for featuring a striking portrait of Lady Liberty on its obverse, marking the first time a nickel coin bore such a design. Over the course of its three-decade run, the coin became a cornerstone of American currency, with over 500 million coins minted between 1883 and 1912.
Transition to the Buffalo Nickel
By the end of 1912, the U.S. Mint decided to replace the Liberty Head nickel with the Buffalo (Indian Head) nickel. The new design, celebrated for its bold depiction of a Native American and an American bison, captured the public’s imagination, effectively ending the era of the Liberty Head nickel. However, in a twist that no one could have anticipated, the Liberty Head nickel made an unauthorized return.
The Covert Creation of the 1913 Liberty Head Nickels
An Unauthorized Production
While the Liberty Head nickel was officially retired, five additional coins were secretly minted in 1913 by Samuel W. Brown, a U.S. Mint official. These coins were not authorized by the government, making their production illegal. Brown’s motivations remain unclear—some speculate it was sheer curiosity, while others suggest it was an early attempt to capitalize on the coin’s rarity.
Keeping the Secret
To evade legal repercussions, Brown kept the existence of the 1913 Liberty Head nickels hidden for five years, the statute of limitations for his crime. His secret operation went unnoticed until he began strategically revealing the coins to the world, setting the stage for their legendary status.
The Marketing Genius of Samuel W. Brown
A Smart Promotional Strategy
In 1919, Brown placed advertisements in numismatic publications, offering rewards for information about Liberty Head nickels minted in 1913. His clever marketing raised awareness and created a buzz in the numismatic community.
Public Debut at the ANA Convention
Brown unveiled all five coins at the 1920 American Numismatic Association (ANA) National Convention in Detroit, sparking widespread interest. Collectors immediately recognized the rarity and significance of the coins, and their value began to soar.
The Journey of the Five Legendary Coins
From Private Collectors to Global Fame
By 1924, all five nickels were purchased by Colonel E.H.R. Green, a prominent collector. After Green’s death in 1936, the coins were sold through an estate auction, eventually finding their way into the collections of notable figures, including King Farouk of Egypt and Louis Eliasberg, a renowned numismatist.
Current Locations of the Coins
Today, two of the original five coins are housed in prominent public institutions:
- Smithsonian National Numismatic Collection
- ANA Money Museum in Colorado
The remaining three coins are held in private collections, including the famed Walton nickel, which boasts a particularly fascinating story.
The Walton Nickel: A Hidden Treasure
Lost and Found
The Walton nickel was thought lost after a fatal car accident in 1962. For decades, the coin was unknowingly stored in a family member’s closet until it resurfaced in 2003.
Record-Breaking Auction
In 2022, the Walton nickel was auctioned for an impressive $4.2 million, solidifying its reputation as one of the most valuable coins in the world. Additionally, the Eliasberg nickel, considered the finest of the five, fetched $13.4 million in a transaction that also included two other iconic coins.
The Enduring Legacy of the 1913 Liberty Head Nickel
The 1913 Liberty Head nickel stands as a testament to the allure of rare coins. Its story—marked by illegal production, savvy marketing, and enduring fame—continues to captivate enthusiasts. Whether displayed in museums or traded among collectors, the coin remains a symbol of intrigue and immense value.
Key Details of the 1913 Liberty Head Nickel
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| Year Minted | 1913 |
| Designer | Charles Barber |
| Number Minted | 5 (unauthorized) |
| Material | Copper-nickel |
| Auction Record | Walton Nickel – $4.2 million (2022) |
| Museum Locations | Smithsonian, ANA Money Museum |
| Private Collections | 3 coins, including the Walton and Eliasberg nickels |
FAQs
Why is the 1913 Liberty Head nickel so valuable?
The coin’s value stems from its rarity (only five exist), its intriguing history, and its illegal production, making it highly sought after by collectors.
Where can I see the 1913 Liberty Head nickel?
Two of the coins are displayed at the Smithsonian National Numismatic Collection and the ANA Money Museum in Colorado.
How much is the Walton nickel worth?
In 2022, the Walton nickel sold for $4.2 million at auction.
